Egypt Weather: Your Complete Guide to Climate, Seasons, and When to Visit

Understanding Egypt’s Diverse Climate Landscape

You’ve probably heard that Egypt has only two seasons—hot and really hot—but there’s actually much more variation than most people realize. Having traveled extensively through Egypt, I can tell you that the country’s position between the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert creates dramatically different weather patterns across its regions.

Egypt weather encompasses three distinct climate zones: the Mediterranean coast, the Nile Valley, and the desert interior. This geographic diversity means you could experience a pleasant 22°C beach day in Alexandria while temperatures soar to 45°C just a few hundred kilometers south in the desert.

The fertile Nile Valley and Delta, though comprising only 5.5% of Egypt’s landmass, houses 99% of the population precisely because of its more moderate climate. The Nile River acts as a natural air conditioner, moderating temperatures and creating microclimates that make life bearable even during scorching summers.

Most travelers underestimate how cold Egyptian nights can get, especially in desert regions. During my winter visits, I’ve experienced temperatures dropping near freezing in areas like Siwa Oasis, while daytime temperatures remained pleasantly warm at 23°C.

Regional Weather Patterns Across Egypt

Northern Mediterranean Coast

Alexandria Egypt weather represents the country’s most temperate climate zone. The Mediterranean influence creates what locals call “spring-like winters” with highs around 18-20°C and refreshing sea breezes that make summer’s 30°C feel comfortable.

I’ve found Alexandria’s humidity levels can be surprising—often reaching 70% due to its coastal location. This makes the air feel warmer than the actual temperature, especially during summer months. The city receives Egypt’s highest rainfall, though “high” is relative—only about 230mm annually, concentrated between December and February.

The sea temperature remains warm enough for swimming from June through October, peaking at a pleasant 27°C in August and September.

Cairo and the Nile Delta

Weather in Cairo Egypt presents unique challenges due to the city’s position between coast and desert. The capital experiences what meteorologists call a “hot desert climate with Mediterranean influences,” creating particularly humid conditions that can make summer heat feel unbearable.

Cairo’s urban heat island effect intensifies temperatures beyond what weather reports indicate. During my July visits, official temperatures of 35°C felt closer to 40°C in the dense city center due to concrete absorption and limited air circulation.

The city’s proximity to the Nile Delta creates higher humidity levels than you’d expect from a desert climate. Summer months bring uncomfortable muggy conditions, while winter offers the most pleasant weather with daily highs around 19-21°C.

Upper Egypt and the Nile Valley

Luxor Egypt weather exemplifies the extreme desert climate of Upper Egypt. This region experiences some of Earth’s most intense sunshine—over 3,800 hours annually—making it one of the planet’s sunniest locations.

The temperature variations here are dramatic. During winter visits to Luxor, I’ve experienced 25°C afternoons followed by 8°C nights, requiring both shorts and warm jackets in a single day. Summer temperatures regularly exceed 40°C, with record highs reaching 51°C in nearby Aswan.

The benefit of this extreme climate is virtually guaranteed sunshine and zero rainfall, making it perfect for outdoor activities during cooler months.

Red Sea Coastal Regions

Red Sea destinations like Hurghada and Sharm el Sheikh benefit from maritime climate moderation. Sea breezes keep summer temperatures around 35-37°C—still hot, but more manageable than inland areas.

The Red Sea maintains excellent swimming temperatures year-round, though winter months (December-February) can feel cool for extended water activities, with temperatures around 21-22°C in the northern sections.

Western Desert and Oases

The Western Desert represents Egypt’s most extreme climate zone. Siwa Oasis, my favorite desert destination, has recorded temperatures ranging from 48°C in summer to -2°C on winter nights—a staggering 50-degree potential swing.

The Khamsin winds pose the biggest weather challenge here. These hot, dust-laden winds typically blow from March through June, creating sandstorms that can last up to three days and make travel extremely difficult.

Sinai Peninsula Highlands

Sinai’s mountainous regions offer Egypt’s only true mountain climate. Mount Catherine, at 2,629 meters, occasionally receives snow during winter months. The altitude creates pleasant summer conditions with cool nights, though daytime temperatures can still reach 40°C when desert winds blow.

Egypt’s Four Seasons Explained

Winter in Egypt (December to February)

Winter brings Egypt’s most comfortable weather, though “comfortable” varies dramatically by region. Alexandria enjoys mild, spring-like conditions perfect for sightseeing, while desert locations experience significant day-night temperature swings.

This is Egypt’s only rainy season, though rainfall remains minimal except on the northern coast. I always pack a light rain jacket for winter visits to Alexandria or Cairo, though you’ll likely never need it in Luxor or Aswan.

Winter represents peak tourist season for good reason—you can comfortably explore ancient monuments without suffering from heat exhaustion.

Spring Weather Patterns (March to May)

Spring in Egypt means rising temperatures and increasing unpredictability. Egypt weather by month shows March as delightful, April as warm but manageable, and May as uncomfortably hot in southern regions.

The Khamsin wind season creates Egypt’s most challenging weather conditions. These sandstorms can reduce visibility to near zero and make outdoor activities impossible. I always carry eye protection and face coverings during spring visits.

Summer Heat Challenges (June to August)

Summer brings Egypt’s legendary heat, with temperatures that can genuinely be dangerous for unprepared travelers. Inland areas regularly exceed 40°C, while coastal regions hover around 35°C with oppressive humidity.

The positive aspect of summer travel is fewer crowds and lower prices. However, visiting archaeological sites becomes extremely challenging due to limited shade and intense sun exposure.

Autumn’s Perfect Weather (September to November)

Autumn represents Egypt’s second peak season as temperatures drop to comfortable levels. September can still feel hot, but October and November offer ideal conditions for all activities.

The Red Sea remains warm from summer heating, making autumn perfect for beach holidays combined with cultural sightseeing.

Optimal Timing for Different Egyptian Experiences

Archaeological Sites and Historical Tourism

November through February provides the best conditions for exploring Egypt’s ancient wonders. I’ve learned that even winter can be hot during midday, so early morning and late afternoon visits work best.

December represents the sweet spot for southern sites like Luxor and Abu Simbel—warm enough for comfort but not so hot that you’ll struggle with outdoor exploration.

Red Sea Beach and Diving Holidays

April and October through mid-November offer ideal beach weather. The sea retains warmth from previous seasons while air temperatures remain comfortable for poolside relaxation.

Winter beach holidays work if you’re primarily interested in diving, as water temperatures remain acceptable, though you may need a wetsuit.

Nile River Cruises

October through April represents cruise season for good reason. Deck time becomes unbearable during summer months, while winter offers perfect conditions for outdoor dining and sightseeing from the boat.

Desert Adventures and Oasis Exploration

Late October through March provides the only safe window for serious desert exploration. Summer temperatures can be life-threatening, while the Khamsin wind season makes spring travel unpleasant.

Essential Packing Guide by Season and Region

Winter Wardrobe Essentials

Layering becomes crucial during Egyptian winters. Mornings might require a light jacket, afternoons call for t-shirts, and evenings demand warm clothing again.

Pack a warm jacket for desert destinations—temperatures can drop dramatically after sunset. I learned this the hard way during a Sahara camping trip when temperatures fell from 25°C to 5°C overnight.

Summer Survival Clothing

Loose-fitting, light-colored cotton and linen clothing provides the best heat management. Avoid synthetic fabrics that trap heat and moisture.

Long-sleeved shirts and pants offer better sun protection than constant sunscreen application, while remaining culturally appropriate in conservative areas.

Spring and Autumn Versatility

Adaptable clothing works best during transition seasons. Pack layers that can be added or removed as conditions change throughout the day.

Don’t forget sandstorm protection—lightweight scarves and sunglasses are essential during spring visits.

Weather Safety and Health Considerations

Heat-Related Health Precautions

Heat exhaustion develops quickly in Egyptian summers. Recognize the warning signs: excessive sweating, weakness, nausea, and dizziness. I always carry electrolyte supplements and drink water continuously, even when not feeling thirsty.

Plan activities for early morning and late afternoon, avoiding peak heat hours between 11 AM and 4 PM.

Sandstorm Preparedness

Khamsin winds arrive with little warning. Keep protective eyewear and face coverings accessible, not buried in luggage. Seek indoor shelter immediately when storms approach—visibility can drop to mere meters within minutes.

Seasonal Health Tips

UV exposure remains dangerous year-round in Egypt. The country’s latitude and clear skies create intense solar radiation even during winter months. High-SPF sunscreen, protective clothing, and quality sunglasses are non-negotiable.

Air quality in major cities can be poor, particularly Cairo. Consider bringing a basic dust mask if you have respiratory sensitivities.

Planning Your Egyptian Adventure Around Weather

Understanding Egypt weather by month allows for strategic trip planning that maximizes comfort while minimizing costs. Peak season (November-February) brings perfect weather but higher prices and larger crowds.

Shoulder seasons (March-April and September-October) offer compromises between weather, prices, and crowd levels. Early March and late October often provide the best overall value.

Summer travel requires serious heat tolerance but rewards budget-conscious travelers with significantly lower accommodation costs and nearly empty tourist sites.

Pro Tip: Book accommodations with strong air conditioning for summer visits, even if it costs more. The ability to retreat to cool spaces becomes essential for health and comfort.

Regional weather monitoring becomes crucial for desert and oasis travel. Download offline weather apps before venturing into areas with limited internet connectivity.

Climate change has begun affecting Egypt’s traditional weather patterns, with some seasons becoming more extreme and less predictable. Build flexibility into your itinerary to accommodate unexpected weather changes.

Your Egyptian Weather Journey Starts Here

Egypt’s diverse climate zones offer something for every traveler, from Mediterranean beaches to desert adventures. The key to weather success lies in matching your activities to the optimal seasons and packing appropriately for the dramatic regional variations you’ll encounter.

Remember that Egypt weather encompasses far more than the “hot and hotter” stereotype suggests. With proper planning and realistic expectations, you can experience Egypt’s incredible destinations in comfort regardless of the season you choose to visit.

The country’s reliable sunshine and predictable seasonal patterns make weather planning straightforward once you understand the regional differences and timing considerations. Your Egyptian adventure awaits—now you have the weather knowledge to make it unforgettable.